Greek Lazarus Bread > Lazarakia

Ingredients >
4 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
1 package active dry yeast
3 cups warm water
1/2 cup sugar
2 tbs honey
1 tbs cinnamon
1 tsp ground cloves
1 tsp anise
1/2 tsp salt
3 tbs olive oil
oil for brushing
6 whole nuts

Method >
The night before baking, mix the yeast with some warm water and 1 1/2 cups of all-purpose flour. Stir well, and set aside, covered, in a warm place. The next morning, in a bowl sift the remaining flour. Make a well in the center and pour in the starter, sugar, honey, spices, salt, oil and water.

Knead well till the dough becomes elastic and shiny. Cover it and let it rise for 2 hours. When the dough is doubled in size, divide it in seven pieces. One of them must be larger than the others. Roll the six smaller pieces into cords.

Stick a nut in one end of each cord. Cut the larger piece of dough in 12 ropes. Stick the ends of 2 ropes near each nut and braid forming an ancient shroud. Place the breads on an oiled baking pan and cover them. Let them rise for 2 hours. Brush the Lazarakia with olive oil and bake them in a pre-heated oven of 200 for 20 to 25 minutes.

Lamb for Greek Easter

Lamb is the meat most associated with Easter. In the Greek Orthodox religion, lamb certainly plays a central part in proceedings.

After the traditional midnight mass on Holy Saturday, congregations will eat mageiritsa, a soup made from the liver, lungs, heart and intestines of a lamb – with wild greens, herbs and an egg and lemon sauce thrown in for good measure.

Then, on Easter Sunday, they will burn an effigy of Judas on a bonfire and gather to roast a lamb on a spit. The resulting dish is called arni pashalino tis souvlas. The Greeks will also eat tsoureki, a sweet Easter bread baked on Maundy Thursday, braided into long loaves, laced with orange zest and black cumin seeds and then studded with hard-boiled eggs that have been dyed red. The bread’s origins go back to Byzantine times and it has remained more or less unchanged since.

Tsoureki the Greek Easter Bread

Ingredients >
3 each eggs
1 each egg yolk
5 cups flour
1 1/2 tablespoons active dry yeast
1 1/2 teaspoons mastic
1 teaspoon mahlepi
3/4 cup sugar
1 cup milk
1/2 cup butter, softened
2 tablespoons orange juice
1 each egg
water as needed
sesame seeds for garnish

Method >
Mix eggs, egg yolk, one cup of flour, yeast, mastic and mahlepi in a mixer with a whip attachment until everything is well incorporated. Take off the mixer, cover the bowl with plastic wrap and let sit in a warm place for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the yeast mixture should have increased in size and look bubbly.
Once this has been achieved, put the bowl back on the mixer, and add the sugar, butter and the rest of the flour. Mix until incorporated and a dough begins to form. If necessary, stop the machine and scrape the sides with a spatula. Once the dough begins to pull of the sides of the bowl, scrape the mixture onto a clean surface. Knead until gluten is fully developed and let rest covered for 10 minutes. Flour a clean surface and roll dough to desired shape. Once rolled, place on a buttered pan and let rest at room temperature to proof for 1 – 1.5 hours. Brush dough with an egg wash, sprinkle with sesame seeds and bake at 320 degrees for 20 minutes. Remove from the oven and let cool. 

Happy Easter, the Greek way!

Easter bonfire tree felling incenses Cyprus greens

Cyprus conservationists are on the warpath over the felling of protected trees used in bonfires to celebrate the sentencing of Judas Iscariot to eternal damnation as part of Easter celebrations.

Hundreds of trees face the chop for the pyre in an age-old tradition symbolising the burning of Judas, the wayward disciple Christians believe betrayed Jesus for 30 pieces of silver. Judas is represented by a stuffed dummy on the top of the pile, known in the Cypriot dialect as a “lambrajia”. Bonfires used to be held in church courtyards. But the tradition has evolved into one big all-night rave in some cases replete with barbeques and beer and, if in a residential area, an army of angry neighbours.

“It mostly involves young people, who compete with each other on who will have the bigger bonfire,” said Ioanna Panayiotou, spokeswoman for the Cyprus Greens Party. The party recently got word of eucalyptus trees being felled, and of trees disappearing in a park, she said.

Greek Cypriots, who in their majority are members of the Orthodox Church, celebrate Easter, which is the most important day in their religious calendar, on April 27.

The Orthodox Easter is approaching

While many Christians celebrated Easter last March, members of the Greek Orthodox Church still have less than a month a Lent before Easter celebration can begin.

Father George Zervos, who has been a priest for 40 years, has spent the last four years of his service at St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church in Jamestown. ‘‘The Great Lent is a spiritual preparation for all those who are Orthodox Christians to receive the resurrection of Christ,’’ Zervos explained. ‘‘That includes fasting, attending more services, doing more good deeds and the greatest challenge of all, to show love to our fellow man as Christ has loved us.’’

The Sunday prior to the beginning of Lent, is called Forgiveness Sunday. The idea is to embrace one another and ask for reconciliation. Following the beginning of Lent, each Sunday service has a different theme to celebrate Christ’s resurrection. ‘‘The first week emphasizes Jesus’ assuming human flesh, and this is a mystery only known by God,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘So he remains God, but also becomes the perfect man, meaning he is sinless. The second week we emphasize when the son of God came to earth and reunited us with God in his divine love.’’

The second week follows parts of the Bible’s Book of Genesis, where Adam and Eve fell from paradise for eating the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden. However, Zervos explained Christ came to redeem humans, which leads into the third week, the celebration of the Holy Cross. ‘‘When Christ was on the cross he washed away our sins, today we make the sign of the cross to use as a weapon against evil,’’ Zervos explained. ‘‘The fourth week calls our attention to the necessity of personal forgiveness. Lastly the fifth and final week, we practice the joy of experiencing forgiveness through good works and the grace of God, which leads us into Holy Week.’’

Additionally, each Friday in Lent is celebrated with a special service dedicated to Mary, which the church refers to as Salutations to the Mother of God. Throughout the 40 days, there are also strict rules regarding fasting, meaning no meat, cheese, dairy or eggs. On Saturdays, with the exception of Holy Saturday, wine and oil are allowed. Confession is also practiced at this time, and members are encouraged to come to church and use confession as a spiritual medicine.

During Holy Week, services are held every day and every evening. The Greek Orthodox refer to each day as Great Monday, Great Tuesday and so on, because Christ went through great suffering to redeem his people. ‘‘The first two days of the Holy Week we have the bridegroom services, because Jesus was the bridegroom of the Church,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘Just like the love a husband and wife should have for one another, Christ had for the church, so we use that idea.’’

During the Thursday morning of Holy Week, the Church has a Divine Liturgy service. Zervos explained that emergency Holy Communion is prepared and kept throughout the entire year in celebration of Christ’s own Holy Communion. It is hardened to ensure it lasts, and is distributed to the sick or others who are unable to attend service. Following the morning service, Thursday afternoon the wooden icon of Jesus is removed from the cross inside the church. ‘‘Congregation members will walk around the church with an empty cross, symbolizing Christ’s entry into the tomb,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘Our services are very show-and-tell, Jesus is taken down Thursday, wrapped in a sheet and put in the tomb, and we leave the empty cross to tell people the story. We then read Gospel readings referring to his suffering and crucifixion.’’

Finally on Friday a Lamentations Service is held, and readings from the prophets of the Old Testament are read, which are called the Royal Hours. Zervos said now Christ has been put in the tomb and the congregation sings lamentations hymns while holding candles. ‘‘The Saturday liturgy in the morning is called the First Resurrection, and we throw out flowers,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘We believe Christ is in Hades and is preaching salvation to those who have died. Then at midnight we have the resurrection of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, which we celebrate with lighted candles and by singing hymns.’’

The traditional hymn sung by the Greek Orthodox Church at this time reads as follows: “Christ is risen from the grave, and through death he has trampled on death, and to those in the tombs he has bestowed.” This hymn is also sung throughout the pentecostal season, the 50 days following the resurrection of Christ. ‘‘On Easter morning, we have our Pascha service at 11:30 a.m., our Agape service, which is the Greek word for Christ’s Love,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘This signifies the unity of all races and people, there is no division. We pass out Easter Eggs during this service which are dyed red to symbolize Christ’s blood. After the final service, members crack the eggs with one another, representing Jesus escaping from the tomb.’’

From Easter on for the next 40 days, strick Greek Orthodox members will replace their common greeting of ‘‘hello’’ with ‘‘Christ has risen,’’ and the proper response is ‘‘truly he has risen.’’ This is practiced throughout the Pentecostal season. Also, during the renewal week, which starts the Monday after Easter, there is no fasting allowed. ‘‘After resurrection our body will be reunited with our soul and we will be one again,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘Our goal is to go to heaven by following the commandments of God. This is an ancient service of which all churches are an off-shoot of. If we, during the Great Lent, are fasting it is because we are trying to become more holy.’’

He explained that from the ancient times, the Greek Orthodox church practiced a wholeness or totality. ‘‘The whole source of the Orthodox Christian faith is the holy tradition in which scripture is written. The words of Christ are maintained and kept in the Bible. It’s both the written and unwritten tradition the church keeps. We use the same Bible as other Christian religions, the communion of saints, sacraments of the church are all interrelated and the purpose is to obtain ones salvation.’’

Pentecost Day marks the ending of the post-Easter season, and is the day when the holy spirit ascends to Earth. The following day the church has a liturgy just for God, the father, son and holy spirit, or the Holy Trinity. Zervos said in today’s world, sometimes keeping up with the traditions can be difficult, but it is important to have a form of religion in one’s life. He urges anybody interested in learning more about the Greek Orthodox Church to attend one of their services.

‘‘Everybody is more than welcome,’’ Zervos said. ‘‘Throughout Holy Week services are at 6:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, and we would love to have people at the 11:30 a.m. service on Easter Day. We pass out eggs and read the Bible in different languages. If anybody can speak a different language, be it German or Arabic, they’re welcome to come and share in the light of Christ.’’ For more information, contact St. Nicholas’ at 483-0022.

Cyprus Airways adds extra flights for Orthodox Easter season

Cyprus Airways will provide extra flights to and from Greece and Israel over the Orthodox Easter weekend.

About 50 additional flights will be laid on to cope with high demand during the holiday from April 18 until May 3. Cyprus Airways said this would help to accommodate some of the student traffic as many Cypriots who are studying abroad head home for the Easter break. Some 20 more flights will cover the Athens route, the same number to and from Thessaloniki, four more to Crete, two extra to Iraklion and there are four additions to the Tel Aviv route.

Orthodox Easter runs from April 25-28. Cyprus Airways said it would consider adding more flights during the holiday period if it became necessary.

Orthodox Easter > different beliefs, different dates

Last week, many western Christians observed Easter, the celebration of Jesus Christ’s resurrection three days after being crucified. However, for followers of Orthodox Christianity, Easter is still less than a month away, with this year’s celebration falling on April 27.

The disparity in dates lies in the different calendars followed by each faith. The Orthodox Church and Roman Church split from each other in the Great Schism of 1054, mostly over both Churches disagreement with increasing papal authority.

The Orthodox church is not headed by a pontiff but rather an organization of self-governing churches that believe “no one but Christ himself is the real head of the Church,” according to Orthodoxy in America. The Othodox Eastern Church is headed by His All Holiness, Bartholomew, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

The Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as many Eastern Catholic churches, follow the Julian calendar established by Julius Caesar.

The Western church uses the Gregorian calendar, which was established in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII as a reformed version of the earlier calendar. The Gregorian calendar is 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which, coupled with differing definitions of a full moon and an equinox, account for the date disparity.

Although the date of Easter is a matter of differing faiths, Orthodox and western Christians share many Easter traditions.

One is the practice of painting Easter eggs, which originated in the 13th century out of an earlier Christian tradition in which eggs were forbidden to be eaten during Holy Week. As a symbol of their faith, Christians marked the Holy Week eggs by dying or painting them.

Eastern Orthodox Christians also observe Lent, a 40-day fasting period excluding Sundays that culminates during the week before Easter, or Holy Week.

Sources: britannica.com, The Religion Newswriters Association, Orthodoxy in America

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